Beginner Guides
What Cold Storage Does and Does Not Protect
Cold storage describes where a key is held. It says nothing about how a transaction gets approved — which is where several…
Published work
Beginner Guides
Why Most Crypto Losses Come From a Few Failure Classes
Read enough incident records and the same handful of shapes recur. Knowing the shapes is more useful than knowing the individual events.
Beginner Guides
What Happens to Your Crypto When an Exchange Fails
Whether you own the assets or merely have a claim against the company is decided by paperwork written long before the failure…
Guides & Education
How to Read a Smart Contract Audit Report
An audit badge tells you almost nothing. The scope section tells you nearly everything — which commit was reviewed, which contracts were…
Guides & Education
How to Check Who Controls a Smart Contract
Most deployed contracts are upgradeable, which means someone can change what they do to funds already held. That control chain is public…
Guides & Education
How to Check Whether a Platform Is Regulated Where It Claims
"Regulated" is not a property a firm can assert about itself. It means a named authority, a named permission category, and an…
Beginner Guides
What “Regulated Exchange” Actually Means
The word "regulated" carries very different weight depending on which regulator, for what, and under which regime. Here is how to read…
Beginner Guides
How Crypto Bridges Work, and Why They Keep Getting Exploited
Bridges account for several of the largest losses on record. The reason is structural, and it is visible in every one of…
Beginner Guides
What Self-Custody Actually Means (And What It Doesn’t Protect You From)
Self-custody removes one category of risk and adds another. Understanding which is which is the whole decision.
Guides & Education
How to Verify a Security Incident Is Real
The hours after a genuine incident are when fake advisories, fake support and fake recovery tools work best. Here is how to…